CMR convention

EXW: Ex Works

The seller is only responsible for making the goods available at the designated location (normally the seller’s warehouse or depot) properly packed. It is the buyer’s responsibility to clear the goods for export and arranging the pickup and transport from that moment on. The seller may also need to provide assistance during the clearance processes.

FCA: Free Carrier

The seller is responsible for making the goods available at their own premises, already cleared for export, and loading the goods on the chosen means of transport. A variation of this term happens if the seller is responsible for making the goods available in a place other than its own premises. In this case, it is the importer’s responsibility to unload the goods and load them in their chosen carrier.

CPT: Carriage Paid To

the seller delivers the goods to the carrier and is responsible for paying the freight charges. The seller’s responsibility ends when the goods are passed on to the freight forwarder and from that moment on the buyer assumes all the risks. “Carrier” means any person who, under a transport contract, performs or arranges for the performance of the carriage of goods by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or a combination of these modes of transport. The seller’s responsibility ends when the goods are passed on to the freight forwarder and from that moment on the buyer assumes all the risks.

CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid

The seller delivers the goods to a carrier and is responsible for paying the freight and insurance coverage (at least 110% of the goods). The seller’s responsibility ends when the goods are passed on to the freight forwarder and from that moment on the buyer assumes all the risks. “Carrier” means any person who, under a transport contract, performs or arranges for the performance of the carriage of goods by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or a combination of these modes of transport. The seller’s responsibility ends when the goods are passed on to the freight forwarder and from that moment on the buyer assumes all the risks.

DPU: Delivery place unloaded

The goods are the seller’s responsibility until they are delivered to their address of the destination. It is the seller’s responsibility to unload them. After that moment the buyer is responsible for them. Before the new incoterms 2020 were published this was known as DAT (DELIVERED AT TERMINAL) “Terminal” means any covered or uncovered place such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or terminal for road, rail or air transport. The seller bears the entire risk of delivery and unloading of the goods at the terminal of the port or destination. This clause also stresses the need for a precise point of destination within that destination, as up to that point the seller bears all costs and risks. Before the new incoterms 2020 were published this was known as DAT (DELIVERED AT TERMINAL)

DAP: Delivered at Place

The seller has delivered the goods when the goods, ready for unloading on the arriving means of transport, have been placed The seller is responsible for the goods until after they are unloaded at the place of delivery. I.e. it is the seller’s responsibility unloading the goods. DAP is a new delivery clause created to replace the three delivery clauses (DAF, DES and DDU) of the previous version of the classification (2000).

DDP: Delivered Duty Paid

The seller has delivered the goods when the goods have been placed at the disposal of the buyer at the named place of destination, cleared for import or customs clearance and ready for unloading on the arriving means of transport. The Seller bears all the risks and costs involved in delivering the goods to the named place. In addition to clearing the goods for export, the seller also has to carry out import customs clearance, pay all export and import duties and arrange all customs formalities.